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Performance Area => Peer Reviewed Studies Discussion => Topic started by: adarqui on June 04, 2009, 10:14:33 pm
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All conclusions of studies will be listed in this original post (TABLE OF SUMMARIES) for quick reference.
Every now and then people start worrying about the effect all of this intense training has on their future health. Well, studies exist, so if you find any, post them here.
1. Degenerative Changes in the Ankle in Former Elite High Jumpers
The talotibiofibular joints in former high jumpers showed only slight signs of wear and tear with no clinically relevant side-related differences; severe arthrosis with narrowing of the joint space was rare. The risk of arthrosis connected with high-jumping seems not to be elevated.
2. Association between muscular strength and mortality in men: prospective cohort study
Muscular strength is inversely and independently associated with death from all causes and cancer in men, even after adjusting for cardiorespiratory fitness and other potential confounders.
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Degenerative Changes in the Ankle in Former Elite High Jumpers
Schmitt, Holger MD; Lemke, Jan M. MD; Brocai, Dario R. C. Dipl Psych; Parsch, Dominik MD
Objective: The object of this study was to find what degenerative changes are present in the ankle (talotibiofibular) joints in former elite high jumpers at least 10 years after their retirement from competition, whether there are differences between takeoff and swinging leg, and whether correlations between any particular training history parameters, former injuries, and the degenerative changes can be recognized.
Design: A cross-sectional case control study with matched controls for radiological outcomes
Setting: The Orthopedic Department at the University of Heidelberg, Germany.
Participants: The subjects were 40 male high jumpers (required personal best at least 2.18m), featured in the lists of top athletes kept by the German Athletics Association (DLV) from 1972 to 1986. All radiological findings were compared with X-rays of male age, and BMI-matched controls.
Main Outcome Measurements: All underwent clinical and radiological examinations. In addition to eliciting data on the training history with the aid of a questionnaire, we assessed symptoms affecting the ankle by means of the Freiburg Ankle Score and the Kitaoka Score and scored the radiological findings according to Bargon and Scranton and MacDermott.
Results: Differences between takeoff and swinging leg were small (Freiburg takeoff leg 93/swinging leg 95, Kitaoka takeoff 89/swinging leg 93 points on a 100 points scale) in both clinical scores, but statistically significant (p < 0.005). The more jumps were performed during the active phase, the worse the radiological scores (rs = 0.4, p = 0.01). Radiological differences between takeoff and swinging leg were not found. Comparison with controls revealed no radiological differences between athletes and age- and BMI-matched men (all p-values >0.40). It was found that one takeoff and one swinging leg ankle was affected by grade 2 arthritis (Bargon). Scranton grade 3 was found in four takeoff and in three swinging legs. No further correlations with training history data were found. Athletes who reported injuries in the past tended to have poorer radiological scores, although statistically not significant. None of the athletes had an instable ankle.
Conclusions: The talotibiofibular joints in former high jumpers showed only slight signs of wear and tear with no clinically relevant side-related differences; severe arthrosis with narrowing of the joint space was rare. The risk of arthrosis connected with high-jumping seems not to be elevated.
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Muscular strength is inversely and independently associated with death from all causes and cancer in men, even after adjusting for cardiorespiratory fitness and other potential confounders.
Jonatan R Ruiz, Xuemei Sui, Felipe Lobelo, James R Morrow, Allen W Jackson, Michael Sjöström, and Steven N Blair
Objective: To examine prospectively the association between muscular strength and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in men.
Design: Prospective cohort study.
Setting: Aerobics centre longitudinal study.
Participants: 8762 men aged 20-80.
Main outcome measures: All cause mortality up to 31 December 2003; muscular strength, quantified by combining one repetition maximal measures for leg and bench presses and further categorised as age specific thirds of the combined strength variable; and cardiorespiratory fitness assessed by a maximal exercise test on a treadmill.
Results During an average follow-up of 18.9 years, 503 deaths occurred (145 cardiovascular disease, 199 cancer). Age adjusted death rates per 10 000 person years across incremental thirds of muscular strength were 38.9, 25.9, and 26.6 for all causes; 12.1, 7.6, and 6.6 for cardiovascular disease; and 6.1, 4.9, and 4.2 for cancer (all P<0.01 for linear trend). After adjusting for age, physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index, baseline medical conditions, and family history of cardiovascular disease, hazard ratios across incremental thirds of muscular strength for all cause mortality were 1.0 (referent), 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.58 to 0.90), and 0.77 (0.62 to 0.96); for death from cardiovascular disease were 1.0 (referent), 0.74 (0.50 to 1.10), and 0.71 (0.47 to 1.07); and for death from cancer were 1.0 (referent), 0.72 (0.51 to 1.00), and 0.68 (0.48 to 0.97). The pattern of the association between muscular strength and death from all causes and cancer persisted after further adjustment for cardiorespiratory fitness; however, the association between muscular strength and death from cardiovascular disease was attenuated after further adjustment for cardiorespiratory fitness.
Conclusion: Muscular strength is inversely and independently associated with death from all causes and cancer in men, even after adjusting for cardiorespiratory fitness and other potential confounders.